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Oil Painting

Animals Rule

Yelena Lamm · Jan 9, 2023 · 33 Comments

“If we don’t always understand animals, they always understand us.” – Rosa Bonheur

Secrets by Yelena Lamm

When I was 10 years old I painted my cat. Long into adulthood, my mother kept insisting it was the best painting I ever created. Half-jokingly, she compared all my works to The Portrait of Matros (my cat’s name, means “sailor” in Russian). The paintings she liked were praised as “almost as good”. My mom thought in that small watercolor, 40+ years ago, I captured our cat’s soul. 

The Portrait of Matros by Yelena Lamm

Up until my 50th birthday, art was my passion but not a career. In the mid-90s, as a new immigrant with art education, no English, and two young kids, I could only dream of becoming a “real artist”. Learning how to use a computer and getting a full time job in a field of graphic design was a reasonable solution. I took my painting supplies out of storage when my twin sons got behind the wheel — what else could I possibly do with all the extra time I suddenly had? Yet my subjects were anything but animals. Flowers, still life, some figurative works, some landscapes, but almost never animals. I’ve experimented with different styles, trying to invent “my own”. For quite a while, I was playing with elements of cubism, bright colors, sharp angles, and geometrical shapes. I was exhibiting and selling some works, but this was not enough to make it anywhere beyond local art fairs. To completely change my career, or to say it better, to actually start my career as an artist — it took another cat.

Furry Beast by Yelena Lamm

My mother was trying to convince me I needed a small short-haired cat. I wanted a Maine Coon, the largest domestic breed with long silky fur. Rio came from a cattery in Ohio during the 2016 Olympics, hence the name. When my mom first saw my new kitten, she said, “It’s meant to be, he looks like Matros.” Needless to say, I was absolutely in love with my new fur baby. Two years later, Rio developed an orthopedic condition and needed surgery. Seeing the poor guy suffer was heartbreaking. I painted his portrait, Furry Beast, as my own art therapy. Immediately, I got a brilliant idea — aha, I’ll do pet portrait commissions to cover the cost of his treatment. I advertised on social media with zero results. However, a few of my friends saw my struggle and ordered portraits of their pets — and up to this day I’m incredibly grateful to them. The most amazing thing happened in the process. Something clicked. That was it. I was completely and totally hooked and in my element. I knew I was going to keep painting animals. 

Tennis Buddy by Yelena Lamm

The change in subject completely changed my painting style. Or it rather took me back to my original traditional good-old-Russian art training. I didn’t need to invent “my own style” anymore, it was naturally driven by my subjects. Faceted shapes and sharp edges did not work for soft fluffy animals. Instead, came bold expressive alla prima brushstrokes, painterly passages along with tighter details, and a need to describe form. I realized that using stylistic embellishments was a convenient way to cover up the lack of knowledge and technical skills in realistic representational painting. It made me work hard on honing my craft — watching other artists, taking workshops, and painting, painting, painting. 

Conspirators by Yelena Lamm

2020 hit hard. Pancreatic cancer took my mom away from us right before the COVID shutdown. She had always been my greatest supporter yet most objective and equitable critic. I’m glad she saw my first animal paintings, and she approved. Her feedback on my Conspirators was, “Absolutely human-looking muzzles. They simply have smart faces.” She didn’t like my title though, she thought it was too descriptive and I should let the viewers come up with their own story.

Girlfriends by Yelena Lamm

I remember sharing progress shots of Girlfriends with mom. She said they looked sad. I argued that cows always look sad; they’re simply romantics. Later that year, this painting was accepted into the OPA 2020 Eastern Regional, sold before the official opening date, and selected as a finalist by the 15th ARC Salon. It was my first real success as a painter, a sign that, at last, I was doing something right. I only wished my mother could still be here to see it.

Cows became my most popular animals. Never tired of their faces, I’ve probably painted enough cows for a decent size dairy farm over the last couple years. My creative process behind it is almost always the same: as the snout begins taking shape, I start smiling and keep painting with a silly smile on my face while talking to an imaginary cow, wondering if psychiatrists out there have a name for my condition. I joked that the reason I love painting cows is because they accept their natural beauty — no cow has ever asked me to remove her double chin or to make her nose smaller, and they are also perfectly fine with their facial hair. 

Dispute by Yelena Lamm

My subjects are mostly farm animals and pets. Pets, I believe, deserve even more attention and recognition in art. They are there for us when we need them, they took us through pandemic, they keep us sane and for sure make us better people. When painting pets, my goal always is to understand and portray their personalities. For commissioned portraits, I ask my clients to share stories about their pets. For my own pieces, I like adding some narrative.  

Why Are You Still Home? by Yelena Lamm

Why Are You Still Home? was painted in isolation of April, 2020. During this sad and uncertain time, grieving for my mother, I needed all the cuteness and humor I could possibly get to make it through. A friend of mine came up with the title for this piece after I posted it on Facebook. 

I love adding a healthy dose of humor to my paintings. When I see people smile as they look at my works, it makes me happy. Of course the animals can be silly and amusing, but we all know they are also super smart. After taking care of my Rio recovering after his surgeries, I’m in awe of his resilience, persistence, and desire to survive. I have a huge respect for my subjects as there’s so much we all can learn from them. They always have a story to tell, and I’m trying to do my best transcribing their stories and capturing their souls.

Four Musketeers by Yelena Lamm

Finding Freedom in Limitation

Chula Beauregard · Dec 12, 2022 · 17 Comments

Keith Jarret’s Koln Concert was playing in the background the other day as I completed the dreaded task of clearing out my studio. I would so much rather be painting, but since I was moving soon, I had to start the process. As I listened to the jazz pianist maestro, I heard his famed grunts and groans during the recording of his most well-known concert. When I was younger, I thought these expressions came from a place of passion and rapture. After hearing a report on this performance, I now know these are sounds of pure frustration over limitations. It turns out, the only piano available had high and low notes that were not functioning. He was forced to play within a limited range, and the music he made put him on the map.

We all have limitations in our lives. Necessary tasks take away from the endless hours I wish I had to paint. My own lovely children (two boys, ages 12 & 13), have presented limitations in my life that I continue to grapple with. As my mother ages, I have a feeling she will replace my children as a force that draws me away from the easel. However, as I study oil painting more, I realize that there is freedom in limitations. The wisdom and revelations of the Zorn palette is a classic example. I will share here a very real application of limitations, and how it freed my painting to become more nuanced and focused.

During the waning days of lockdown, I decided to further my studies with a year of color theory with Skip Whitcomb (through the Tucson Academy). His research into the lost art of color schemes is invaluable. Concurrently, I was gifted a lifetime collection of oil paints by a former student who could no longer paint. Gazing at the rainbow array of paint tubes that I would normally never purchase, I realized Skip’s class came at the perfect time. How can I make sense of this variety? How can I be intentional with my palette so that my paintings don’t end up looking garish? Skip’s course and this gift gave me some answers.

The Complementary Red-Green Color Scheme

As I progressed in the class, Skip tasked us with finding the colors that emerge from set color schemes: triads, complementary, double-complementary, split complementary, and so on. I discovered one of my favorite color schemes, a complementary plan of red and green: Cadmium Scarlet, Alizarin Crimson, and Transparent Red Oxide, across from Viridian and Cadmium Green. I completed the prerequisite color map using these hues. In Skip’s class, we used a variety of values to explore what a particular color scheme can produce. If it gives us what we need, we can proceed with a finished piece. The studio piece I finished with this plan is called Wildland Revival.

Wildland Revival by Chula Beauregard, 22″x28″

Fast-forward to this past spring: I got a call to join some friends for a painting trip in Southeast Utah. Wanting to field-test this limited palette idea, I brought the red-green collection of paints. I threw in a full range of hues, just in case I lost my nerve, or if they truly did not provide the needed range. My intention was to explore this red-green scheme to its outer limits, and it did not disappoint.

Just as that rainbow collection of paint tubes presented an overwhelming number of options, so too did the grand beauty of SE Utah give me too many paths to take. By limiting my palette and relying on the grace of color relativity, I was able to control the other wild cards in the landscape. My viridian began to sing of blue skies and cool shadows. The cadmium green offered warm yellow tones to complement the violet canyon walls. What could have been considered stifling became a way to explore the area in bite-size, digestible ways. 

Tapestry by Chula Beauregard, 8″x10″

Here are a few paintings completed on that trip, including Tapestry, which was accepted in the OPA Western Regional Exhibit this autumn in Dallas, TX.

Aging Structure by Chula Beauregard, 6″x8″
The Long View by Chula Beauregard, 6″x12″

Time limitations in my life have spurred a disciplined approach to managing my routine and blocking out my day. Geographic limitations, such as living far from a city center, force me to appreciate what the local landscape has to offer. And, by choosing a limited palette, I can focus on other aspects of a painting, knowing that there will be an inherent harmony in the end. As long as those factors meet my basic needs, I am usually better off keeping things simple. It’s amazing how much I discover within the confines of limitations. I become free from dependence on variety and surplus. 

The Wrong Color Wheel

Qiang Huang · Nov 28, 2022 · 26 Comments

When I was a child, I wanted to be an artist. I read books on drawing and painting. I also learned some basics about color. All the teachings about color always start with introducing the 3 primary colors: red, yellow, and blue. We cannot get primary colors by mixing other colors. If we mix two primary colors, we will get the secondary colors, which are orange, green, and purple. If we arrange the primary and secondary colors into a circle, we get a color wheel. For the convenience of further discussion, we call this color wheel the conventional color wheel (shown as Fig. 1).

Fig. 1 Conventional color wheel

From the color wheel, I have learned the complementary colors. They are the two colors on the opposite sides of the color wheel. So red and green, yellow and purple, blue and orange are three pairs of complementary colors. I also learned that if we mix two complementary colors together equally, we will get a neutral grey. 

I never doubted the correctness of this color theory because all the teachings are the same. Even now, if you ask an artist to teach you about color, you probably hear the same thing. Since everybody talked about the same thing, it must be correct. So, I used this color model in my painting practice. After I started, I realized that color was not easy. It is not as simple as the three primaries, and mixing a correct color was a difficult thing. Many teachers give a formula to mix certain colors, and many artists have a special palette and use specific brands of paint to get the color effects they want. All of those theories, I have learned, do not have much of a practical use, and color became a highly experience-based empirical practice.

However, this kind of color practice bothered me. Before I turned into a full-time artist, I worked as an engineer for many years. My rational mind felt uncomfortable when I saw how artists dealt with color so ambiguously. I started to examine my understanding of color, and tested the correctness of theory with experiments. The first test I conducted was the complementary relationship. 

From what I have learned, I mix (1) red (cadmium red medium) and green (permanent green), (2) orange (cadmium orange deep) and blue (cobalt blue), (3) yellow (cadmium yellow light) and purple (manganese violet). I have added a little white to make the mixed color easy to see. The results of the above color mixings are shown as Fig. 2 below.

Fig. 2 Complementary color mixing experimental results

From the results we can see: 1) Red/green mixing gives a dirty yellow color, and it does not give us neutral grey. 2) Yellow/purple mixing gives a dirty red color, and it does not give neutral grey either. 3) Blue/orange mixing is really close to a neutral grey. In order to show the results more vividly, I put the true neutral grey next to the mixed colors. From this experiment, we have concluded that 2 of 3 of the conventional given primary/secondary color pairs are NOT complementary. If we stretch, we might see they are almost complementary. Please do not take my word for it. If you do the experiments yourself, you will know that I am telling the truth.

Now we have confirmed that the conventional color theory is not right, but it is not the end of the research. The immediate next question is: then what are the “correct” primary and secondary colors? What does the “correct” color wheel look like? With those questions, I continued my research. I have found other artists and scientists have noticed the same problem and the most of them accepted that the “good” color theoretical model was the Munsell color system.

Albert Munsell proposed his color system in 1905. He had mentioned that there are five fundamental colors. They are red, yellow, green, blue, and purple. He evenly placed these five colors on a color wheel. Most astonishingly, orange was not selected by Munsell. He called orange “yellow-red” and it is considered subsidiary to the fundamental colors. We may call it a Munsell secondary color.  I have made a Munsell color wheel shown as Fig. 3 below.

Fig. 3 Munsell color wheel

Now, let’s put only the 3 primary and 3 secondary colors from the conventional wheel on the Munsell color wheel. It looks like Fig. 4 below.

Fig. 4 Placement of conventional primary and secondary colors on Munsell color wheel

We can tell immediately that red/green and yellow/purple are no longer complementary. However, blue/orange is still complementary. We also tested the complementary relationships between the Munsell fundamental and secondary colors. We have proved they have true complementary relationships. For the color red, yellow, and blue, their corresponding complementary colors are blue-green, purple-blue, and yellow-red.

After I studied Munsell color theory I noticed another ambiguous area of the color system. Our definitions (or vocabulary) of color are quite vague. For instance relating to the color red, there are so many different kinds of reds. The color red is not one specific color, it covers a group of slightly different colors. We even give specific names to many specific reds, such as crimson, scarlet, maroon, and so on. Even the color pigments make so many different red paints such as cadmium red, alizarin, venetian red, and so on.

This crude way of defining colors makes me go deeper to study the color theory. I looked into the numerical model of defining colors. Munsell had talked about his numerical model for all the colors. In a nutshell, every color can be precisely defined by three numbers (or color coordinates): hue, chroma, and value. The Munsell color system has been published with a set of color charts. We can obtain the color coordinates of any specific color by matching the color sample with a specific color swatch in Munsell color charts. Although the Munsell color system was established more than 100 years ago, it is still commonly used by paint manufacturers and artists.

Time goes by so quickly, now we are living in a time when technology develops extremely fast. New pigments have been invented and we artists have many more colors to use than Munsell’s time. There are many vibrant colors we cannot get in the Munsell color coordinates since the Munsell charts are so limited. This problem has led me to study the computer color system.

I am going to skip the process of how the computer scientists developed their color system. I just simply present the color wheel that the computer color system uses. The following Fig. 5 is the computer color wheel. 

Fig. 5 Computer color wheel

It is quite interesting that we can see that the computer color wheel is very similar to the Munsell color wheel, so I can predict that the complementary color relationship is correct on the computer color wheel. The color coordinates of the computer color system are very similar to the Munsell system. They can be converted back and forth. 

If we still want to use the concepts of three primary colors that we learned before, we can see there are two sets of primary colors. One set is red, green, and blue, (or RGB) and the other set is cyan (turquoise), yellow, and magenta (red purple) called the CYM system. These two sets of primaries are complementary to each other shown in Fig. 6

Fig. 6 Computer primary colors

I am so glad my color research has clarified my color understanding. I feel much more confident when I use colors now.

Many artist friends might wonder why we should be bothered to understand the color wheel so rigorously. What is the practical use of this understanding? My answer is: it will help you to mix neutral grey much more easily. For instance, you may ask why blue and yellow are complementary on the computer color wheel? From your knowledge and experience, blue and yellow should give you green, not grey. Is that right? The answer is that the computer “blue” is very specifically defined. It is a violet blue. So it is complementary to yellow. The second reason is that human eyes are more sensitive to perceive greens in comparison with other hues. Any dirty green will appear very green to us. 

This clarification of color wheels is a tip of the iceberg in the color science. It gives me the curiosity to go deeper. I am happy to have a chance to talk about it with all of you.

What’s the Big Idea?

Barbara Jaenicke · Oct 31, 2022 · 27 Comments

Frosted Rocks on the Hill by Barbara Jaenicke OPA
9”x12” – Oil

My first career was as an art director for advertising agencies in New York City in the mid-1980s. Around that time, I took classes at night at the School of Visual Arts. These classes were primarily for aspiring art directors and copywriters, and focused on developing creative, original concepts with strong advertising messages. And as with painting, that was a skill that required practice, experience, and knowledge of what’s been done in the past. 

The title of my article, “What’s the Big Idea?” was actually the title of one of those classes. The class’s instructor did an amazing job of getting across to us—sometimes with humor, and sometimes more bluntly—that the best advertising begins with a very focused concept. 

This instructor and others (all of whom were full-time art directors, copywriters and creative directors at successful agencies) stressed that it’s vitally important to first zero in on one succinct statement, and then develop individual messages from that overall umbrella idea. This is basically how an ad campaign is developed. If the advertising relies too heavily on only catchy phrases or flashy graphics, the message isn’t as powerful as when there’s one specific, overall concept that serves as the driving force behind each individual ad. Clever wordplays, or even humor can sometimes augment the message, but a focused concept is always the most important.

If you’ve ever seen the movie “What Women Want” (a film that came out in 2000 with Mel Gibson and Helen Hunt) the plot is set in an advertising agency, and I think it is one of the few movies that accurately portrays the thought process that advertising creatives use to come up with a “big idea”. Maybe it’s done differently these days, but this is how we did it when I worked in the field. The comical premise of the movie leverages how much of that process of conceptualizing an initial idea is a mental challenge that has to come first before anything visual or written can be developed. Mel Gibson’s career-greedy character suddenly has the magical ability to read the inner thoughts of Helen Hunt’s character. In the movie, they develop an ad campaign concept for Nike directed toward women. Their concept is “No Games. Just Sports.” That concept would become the umbrella idea for the individual advertising messages from Nike to their female demographic. 

Now, after nearly 30 years from when I moved on from my advertising career, I’m realizing that my most successful landscape paintings are those for which I first identify a distinct visual concept. Since I love to paint light in the landscape, my concept usually revolves around light in some way. My goal however, is to pinpoint a very specific visual idea regarding what’s special about the landscape, and how I’m responding to it. Whatever idea I choose to use, that idea becomes the driving force for how I handle each area of the painting, so that the painting as a whole will clearly convey the original big idea. Some areas of the painting will simply serve a supporting role to the main concept. 

For example, if I were to identify light skimming the top of a snow-covered rocky slope as my big idea, I would address the overall composition, and each supporting area of the painting so that it best showcases that light skimming the snow and rocks on the slope (as I did with the painting shown at the top of this article). The composition may also have trees and grasses, and the sky peeking through the trees, but those elements would be edited so they support the central theme.  If instead my concept was to feature the light peeking through the trees, I would create a very different composition that emphasizes that area as the star of the show, with alternative portions of the composition edited to supporting roles. 

To further explain, I’ll show examples of my paintings and describe the big idea behind each:

Rocks and Rhythm by Barbara Jaenicke OPA
16”x20” – Oil

Big Idea: Radiant light reflected from the rocks and water. I set up the composition for this piece purposely to showcase the patterns of strong light and brilliant blue sky bouncing off of the rocks and water. It’s tempting to define more of the distant area on the other side of the river, but that part of the composition plays only a supporting role so was kept at a minimum.

Passage of Light by Barbara Jaenicke OPA
30”x40” – Oil

Big Idea: As stated right in the title, the passage of light. Sometimes the title comes first before I pick up a brush, which helps me stay on track with my concept. This painting’s message revolves around the pull of the sunlit pathway into the trees, summoning the viewer to follow the light and explore further into the landscape. Notice that I continued the light into the distance, but edited it quite a bit to keep the initial passage of light as the main idea.

Okay, so painting concepts aren’t usually as clever as advertising ones (although some certainly can be). And it may seem like my painting concepts are fairly obvious. But when an artist looks across an overwhelming view of a landscape, a distinct painting idea (what to emphasize about the landscape) may not be readily apparent. There are often many different directions the artist can take regarding how to portray a portion of that landscape. The point I hope to make here is that the more you can focus a visual idea, the bigger the impact your painting will have.

I paint outdoors regularly so that I can gain a genuine understanding of my subjects. But many of my own favorite pieces that I feel have a strong visual message resulted from long hikes during which I took many hours to absorb what’s particularly striking about the landscape I explored. Sometimes I bring a small painting kit for mini color studies on these hikes, but more often it’s quick pencil sketches and detailed notes that accompany my reference photos that I bring back to the studio. With this approach, I can hone in on a certain magical element that stuck with me during my outdoor experience. Then back in the studio, I take my time to carefully explore studies that clearly convey that specific observation.

Mountainside Iridescence by Barbara Jaenicke OPA
30”x40” – Oil

Big Idea: Magical evening light reflected on the mountainside. The colors on the mountain are quite elusive to photograph but breathtakingly magical in person. For this scene, I relied on careful notetaking with color charts along with sketches on location during an all-day hike. I followed that with multiple studio studies. Besides recording the color information firsthand, absorbing the brilliant visual effects throughout that day contributed to how I expressed my response to the subject.

Alpine Haven by Barbara Jaenicke OPA
20”x20” – Oil

Big Idea: Delicate branches showcased by strong backlighting.  On location, an array of possible compositions presented themselves to me. Some of those compositions would have had me use the long cast shadows as the main idea. However, for this painting, I used the backlighting to feature the delicate edgework of the lacy branches, both in front of the light and within the resulting deep cast shadows. 

A Higher Calling by Barbara Jaenicke OPA
20”x24” – Oil

Big Idea: Way up high. This one is all about being way up near the top of this mountain, and that feeling one gets when standing on a mountain high above everything else and can see for miles. The arrangement of the grass and snow patterns, and their converging sizes, as they lead toward the sliver of light in the sky all contribute to that feeling.

I have to admit that sometimes when I’m painting outside with my full gear, I can get caught up in the technical particulars as I’m racing against the light. Again, it’s only when I nail down a specific visual idea and use the short window of time wisely that I produce what I feel is a successful field study.

October Morning at Smith Rock by Barbara Jaenicke OPA
8”x10” (plein air) – Oil

Big Idea: Colorful shadows in the rock. Although I often like to focus on the light hitting the rock structures when I paint at this locale, the large shadow mass here had such varied yet subtle temperature shifts, that I focused on nudging the range of color temperatures to show off those shifts. I kept all else in the composition secondary to this main idea.

Thinking back to my advertising days, I remember poring over the most creative, award-winning ads of the time, aspiring to reach that level. And now, of course, I do the same with the work of my favorite painters. In both fields, I realize that the work that packs the biggest punch always starts with a big ole solid idea! 

Endless Pursuit

Cheng Lian · Oct 17, 2022 · 12 Comments

Classical, impressionist, and hyperrealist works are all now considered “traditional” painting. I am a member of this field who has been working tirelessly and persistently to hone my passion, which is somewhat of an inheritance from my father. I never stop painting because I want to create the perfect artwork. Although the process is mixed with distress and excitement, frustration and happiness, I never grow tired of it. 

Girl with Silk Headscarf by Cheng Lian OPA 36″x24″, Oil on Canvas
(I wished to express a sense of calm and peacefulness while highlighting interests in the hair, skin tone and scarf.) 

The standards for what is considered a “good painting” can incorporate many diverse styles and concepts. And while I appreciate various styles, in terms of personal pursuit, I prefer works which are subtle and concise, yet vivid and insightful, hiding their ingenuity and skill in simplicity. The “hidden edge” in East Asian aesthetics is something that I greatly appreciate. For example, in calligraphy and painting, in order to make the work more meaningful, the edge of the brush stokes will be intentionally reduced, so all the lines and colors express the artistic conception of the work with grace and restraint. 

Red and White by Cheng Lian OPA 36″x24″, Oil on canvas
(My goal was to reflect the child’s demeanor under the simple contrast of colors.) 

Classical religious painting is a perfect example of this philosophy. I believe it was less influenced by the commercial market and instead created by the artists to show their faith and reverence, thus the sense of meaning and authenticity are more strongly reflected in those works. I have always viewed such masterpieces with admiration, trying to learn from them, and comprehend their true meaning.

A Girl from the Shoton Festival by Cheng Lian OPA, 12″x9″, Oil on Canvas
(I seized the moment to express the youthful vigor of the girl using loose brushstrokes.) 

It is undeniable that artists do not live in a vacuum and need financial support. Often, we consciously or unconsciously meet the needs of various markets by bringing commercial influences into our paintings, such as the over-emphasis of bold and exaggerated brush strokes, tones, over-thickened pigment stacks, and over-enhanced color, light, and other surface effects, which I believe weaken the artistry of the work. I have personally experienced painting such works to please the market for the sake of livelihood 25 years ago. 

Old Man by Cheng Lian OPA, 14″x11″, Oil on Canvas 
(I strove to emphasize three-dimensionality and a sense of light.) 

Over my many years of teaching and judging art, I not only pay attention to the basic elements of the painting, such as space, perspective, color, composition and overall processing, but also to the style level of the work. The style level reflects a person’s understanding and attitude towards art. Understanding and self-cultivation are not only shown by skills, but by the combination of style and technique which creates classic and timeless works. 

Snow by Cheng Lian OPA, 12″x16″, Oil on canvas
(I reduced the contrast between cool and warm colors, added rough and seemingly random brushstrokes, and emphasized the sense of heaviness.) 

The best ways to improve one’s self-cultivation are to be more optimistic and open-minded about learning from classic works, to visit major art museums where the best “teachers” are often found, and to never stop striving to see and understand more. 

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