Oil Painting

What’s the Concept?

Mr. John Pototschnik · Nov 3, 2014 · 1 Comment

Paul Strisik was a master artist and teacher. He authored a couple of important books:
The Art of Landscape Painting and Capturing Light in Oils. I believe you will find his views about painting helpful. Foremost, before beginning a painting, he stressed having a clear “conception of the subject”. I call it “your painting concept”.
What is meant by a “painting concept” and how is it determined? Let me explain.

“Land of Plenty” – 7.5”x 14.5” - Oil — “Land of Plenty” – 7.5”x 14.5” – Oil

When someone designs and builds a house or just purchases existing blueprints…before any of that…a decision has been made, an idea is finalized as to the style of house desired. It might be a colonial, ranch, country, contemporary, or Victorian; whatever the choice, that decision is the concept. It is called that because everything that follows is a result of that choice.
For example, if the concept is Victorian but all the design and building choices are ranch, will the result be Victorian or ranch? Obviously, it will be ranch. What happened? The original concept was not adhered to.

“Rain’s on the Way” – 16”x 20” - Oil — “Rain’s on the Way” – 16”x 20” – Oil

Similarly, for us artists, if the decision is to depict a landscape shrouded in fog but the painting actually produced contains intense color and high value contrast, the concept and finished piece have become incompatible.
So, even before the canvas is selected, a decision must be made as to what we want to communicate. Once the concept is established, don’t deviate from it or the likely result will be a confusing, discordant painting, or one significantly different from the original concept/idea. I don’t want to leave the impression that deciding upon a concept is always easy and comes naturally. Many times, the subject itself will clearly reveal a concept for you…the overall design, dramatic lighting affects, and interesting color harmonies are but a few…but other times, as in the examples below, it really takes some thought.
Here are a few of my paintings illustrating the point. As you can see, the photo was only the starting point. Imagination took over from there. Each achieved painting is preceded by the photo used to inspire the final work; I call it the “photo concept” even though it merely records the subject. Paul Strisik says, the real measure of an artist is what we do with it.

concept

painting

Here are some helpful tips for determining a clear concept:

Paint what you enjoy and understand. Painting is difficult enough, so begin with something that stirs your soul.
Think. What do you want to say? What made you stop to paint, sketch, or photograph this scene in the first place? Fine painting is more than an emotional outburst.
What is it about the subject that deeply and instinctively appeals to you? Some possibilities are: composition, color, lighting (overall mood/value relationships), and the emotion activated within you.

As you can see from all of the above images, my motivation was inspired by the composition. From that point, I brought my concept of the subject to the final work.

Diane Massey Dunbar Revisited

Mr. John Pototschnik · Nov 3, 2014 · Leave a Comment

545 - Dianne Massey Dunbar — Diane’s Website

After I posted one of Dunbar’s paintings of a glass jar on my Facebook page, an admirer of the painting wrote wanting to know where he could purchase a “tube of that glass” used by Dianne to complete her painting. Well, that would be nice, but I told him that Dianne doesn’t share that information with anyone.
To my mind, no one paints glass better than Dianne Massey Dunbar. Her depiction of things transparent is very carefully observed and yet painted with such intuitive confidence, dexterity, boldness, clarity, and excitement that one just marvels at her ability.
I first interviewed Dunbar in August 2012, and at that time only revealed half of the interview. Now, with a few additional questions, here is the remainder of that amazing interview.
Read Part I of Dunbar’s interview here
What would be your definition of art?
To me, art in its broadest sense includes music, dancing, acting, photography, painting, writing, and the like. It is a personal expression of oneself that generally involves creativity and honesty and an audience. It almost always requires a degree of skill. It is also, invariably, the end result of a process.
Narrowing the definition to drawing and painting, to me art is the creation of an image personal to the artist that is intended as a visual dialogue with an audience. When I stop and contemplate art, it is easy to think of eloquent paintings that have been carefully designed and executed. However, I have seen many rough drawings by children that have deeply touched me. So, I guess I would say that if a painting or drawing reasonably incorporates the principles of drawing and design and craftsmanship, and further inspires in me as a viewer a sense of awe or excitement, interest, beauty, or involvement…and if it is intended to be art, I would call it art.
Are you saying then that you believe art is really in the eye of the beholder?
In my opinion, everyone is entitled to his or her own definition of art. For me personally, I agree and disagree with the statement “art is in the eye of the beholder”. That phrase seems to infer our personal likes and dislikes. I do believe that our tastes influence what we enjoy in the way of art, if we are attracted to a particular painting, whether we like thick or thin paint, still life or landscapes, realism or abstract. It is our emotional response to a painting.

All that said, people generally know when they are in the presence of real art. For me art is a form of communication. But to be considered art it also needs to reasonably incorporate the tools we artists use every day: composition, drawing, shape, line, value, color, texture, and edges. Even rough drawings by children almost invariably have wonderful expressive lines, textures, shapes, and color. So, I would say that for me to call something “art” it needs to include these elements of draftsmanship regardless of my emotional reaction to the artwork.
Can there be art if it doesn’t communicate with an audience, in other words, if it can’t be understood?
In order to answer this, I need to define “understood”. One might not recognize the objects in a drawing or painting, or fully understand what the artist was trying to accomplish or communicate, but that does not mean it’s not art. For example, a person that is not versed in biblical stories might not understand religious art. However, I think most people would agree that there are numerous examples of wonderful religious art. Another example is prehistoric art. I may not understand the symbols, recognize the figures or the animals, but I can still appreciate the lines and design. And, many people do not enjoy abstract art but once again that does not discredit it. Understanding a painting has absolutely nothing to do with the subject matter, and everything to do with the visual elements and execution of the painting. So, even if I do not understand the subject matter, I can still appreciate the shapes, the drawing, the lines, the texture, the design, and in that way it still communicates with me.
To be art it must be able to be understood from a purely rational point of view and be organized to create a visual statement. If a drawing or painting is so disorganized that I am unable to understand the visual elements, then I do not think it meets any definition of art. All art, including abstract art, must have drawing, shapes, and values. One can study the painting to see if it is balanced, and if the values and composition are working. Lacking any visual organization so that there are no shapes, values or drawing, well, it would be difficult to call it art.

Do you consider the process of painting more important than the result?
I think they are rather inseparable. If the result is a finished painting, you can’t have the result without a process of some sort. And, at some point in time the process of painting ends in a finished piece. I will say that for me, the process greatly influences the result, which includes all my preparation before I begin a painting. I will also admit that for me the most important part of the actual painting is the beginning, because it will set the tone for the remainder of the painting.
No, what I mean is…Do you consider the act of painting itself…one’s personal joy in applying paint, experimenting and creating…more important than the physical result?
I wish I could answer yes to that question because it would be so freeing to let go of the end product and simply enjoy the process of painting. Also, if creating art was merely the act of painting with no regard for the outcome there would not be the inherent fear of failure or the discomfort when we are outside our comfort zone. However, being a professional artist is a career, a business, and so one must consider the end result as well. I think that there needs to be a balance between the creative process and respect for the end result. If it is all about the act of painting, experimenting and being creative, which incidentally can be quite frustrating on occasion, then we are on a journey that does not go anywhere. If it’s all about the end result, I think over time we become bored, don’t take risks, become too comfortable and our art grows stale and predictable. So, I think the process and the end result are inseparable, and I can only hope that as I paint I am aware of and can appreciate the joy and frustration of creating.

Where does creativity come from and how can it be nurtured?
I believe that creativity is a gift from God. I also believe we all have some degree of creativity and that creativity is not reserved for artists, musicians, actors, writers and the like. Everyone from plumbers to lawyers, teachers to advertisers and to builders, all encounter problems that require creativity to resolve. Mulling it over, it seems to me that creativity is often the result of problem solving, curiosity, need, a willingness to explore and a desire to be creative. Creativity also requires imagination and an open mind. To nurture creativity, we need to emphasize and value exploration, give others enough tools and knowledge to be able to explore different options, and offer problems that require imagination and problem solving.

You said in our first interview that you love to play with paint…to smear it, scrape it, splatter and flick it…using all manner of tools. Were you a pretty creative child?
Probably yes. I was rarely interested in playing with dolls or dress up although I loved stuffed animals. What I really liked to do was make things. So I played with Lincoln Logs and Tinkertoys. I had a small tool set with a hammer and saw, and I would use wood and nails to build things. One Christmas I was given a wood burning set so that I could decorate the things I made. I liked crayons. I started drawing at the age of six, and started art lessons and oil painting at age seven. I also use to write…primarily poetry.

How does your work reflect your personality?
First off, I think I am somewhat sentimental, so much of my work is derived from my life experiences. It is my impression that no matter who we are or what we do, most of life is lived in the ordinary, not in the extraordinary. I think there is something special, maybe even sacred, about the ordinary stuff of life. I want to somehow honor those things we use or images we see in our daily lives that often go unnoticed. I appreciate the ketchup bottle I pulled out of the refrigerator nearly every day when my sons were young. I can find beautiful colors in simple jars. There are surprising greens in a stack of French fries. The world is full of wonderful shapes and color everywhere, even where least expected. I hope that people can see the world a little differently as a result of my painting.

How does one find their individuality as an artist?
I would say finding individuality is a process. Where you begin will likely be very different from where your journey of art ultimately leads you. I also believe that individuality is a result of passion, excitement, exploration, risk taking, failing, succeeding, practicing, and honesty. Paint the subject matter that excites or interests you. Play with paint. Splash it, brush it, knife it, smear it, and make puddles. Try different surfaces because I am learning that they too make a difference. Be creative because after all, we are artists. Some paintings won’t succeed but will boost you to the next painting. Eventually you will have enough paintings behind you, that instead of you finding your individuality, I imagine your individuality will find you.
You use a very extensive palette of colors. How do you manage to maintain control of the color harmony in your paintings?

The frank answer is I have no idea. Drawing and design do not come naturally to me but color seems to be rather intuitive. So, when I am mixing paint, I just keep mixing until I get a value and color that seem to work for the situation. I wish I could elaborate on this answer but in all honesty I really don’t know how I control color harmony.
What advice do you have for a young artist/painter?
Making art is a journey and not a sprint. There are no real road maps beyond practicing and attempting to master the basic skills involved. It requires a great deal of passion, commitment, dedication, practice, and courage. Along the way there are wonderful highs and times of utter frustration. Being an artist is not at all what one envisions being an artist should look like. I believe it is about 85% work, 10% fun, and 5% inspiration. Also, I am not at all sure that we choose being artists. I rather think art chooses us. I cannot imagine not painting.
Primarily, I would suggest that you practice drawing. Drawing is absolutely essential to whatever type of art you eventually choose to do. Painting is nothing more or less than the completion of shapes. You need shapes to put value and color on. Those shapes need to be drawn, whether you do abstract art or representational art. I cannot stress the value of drawing enough. Also, if you are having problems with a painting, check your values. I have found that color can be rather forgiving, and that a problem with a painting is more often a value issue. Experiment, play, scrape, and learn what paint does (and doesn’t) do.
Find a mentor; an artist that is better than you, whose opinion you trust and who is willing to critique your work and offer suggestions along the way. Avoid asking others what they think of a painting or project, for opinions are as varied as the weather…and often not helpful. So, get a mentor/teacher to help with this process. Learn from your failures. Take those to your mentor as well.
Don’t be too quick to approach galleries. Everyone wants to be represented by a gallery and many young artists make it their goal to be invited into galleries. Instead, your goal should be to focus on your art and make it as outstanding as possible.
Lastly, keep some of your early work. I have a painting up in my studio from several years ago. When you get discouraged, and you will at times, look at that painting and spend a minute being proud of your progress.
Finally, be aware and prepared for the fact that painting is expensive and for most of us it takes time and practice to get to the point of earning any money.

Workshops, Workshops, Workshops…

Thomas Kitts · Oct 23, 2014 · 3 Comments

It doesn’t matter if you’ve been formally trained or not, or how long you have been painting: if you feel stuck or uninspired as an artist, it can help to take a workshop.

Teaching in the Studio — Teaching in the studio

If you’ve never taken a workshop before and are now considering one, start by asking yourself what you want from the experience. Be specific. Do you feel something is lacking in your work? If so, what? Be practical and make a list. Is it something you think you missed in school, or, if you are largely self-taught, something you don’t yet understand? Are you able to travel to a workshop location, or ready to pursue your long-delayed dream of becoming a full time artist? If you are a professional already, have you been grinding away for years and fallen into a rut? Or is it something as simple and direct as raising your game or experiencing something new? All of these questions have applied to me at some point and each time they prompted me to seek out a workshop.
But why not just buy another set of DVDs or the latest how-to book? After all, many of them offer a viable option to the expense and effort of attending a workshop. But books and DVDs are limited by how they are written and can only present a one-way flow of information – even the best of them can’t respond to the way you might learn. When you work face-to-face with an experienced teacher the instruction you receive becomes more fluid and tailored to your capabilities and interests. When you get stuck you can ask the instructor a question, and question the answer, and the teacher has a chance to clarify anything which still may elude you. Painting may not be as complicated as brain surgery or rocket science, but there are times when a little back and forth between you and a real person makes all the difference in the world.

Admittedly, it can be difficult to decide which workshop is best for you. Why? Because you may not know what you don’t know and picking one workshop out of the thousands which are out there can be daunting. It can feel like playing roulette. So again, hedge your bet by asking yourself specific questions such as these: Do you want to learn how to create harmonious color relationships? Do you want to learn how to paint using a limited or extended palette? Do you want to become a loose and expressive alla prima painter, or focus on developing a disciplined multi-session approach? Do you want to learn how to recognize, alter, or transform reality, or do you simply want to paint what you see? These kinds of questions help clarify your goals as you choose a workshop. You can probably come up with many more. (Please post your own questions in the comment section below if you wish to share them with your OPA members. I will read and respond.)
Once you have a better idea of what you want and have settled on a couple of options, contact the instructors and inquire about their teaching methods. Yes, shoot them an email or message them on Facebook. They will respond. Ask for student referrals too. If the teacher you are considering is noted for his or her instruction, then approaching a few students for bona fides will not be awkward. You are just doing your homework like any new student should.

However, once you’ve signed on, show up fully prepared and ready to go. Your instructor is sacrificing valuable painting time to teach the class so give it your all. Come with an open mind and let him or her deliver the voodoo they do. Accept the expertise and advice they have to offer. Keep what works and discard what doesn’t – after the workshop. Arrive with high expectations for yourself but don’t necessarily expect to produce paintings ready to sell or hang on a wall. The things you will be asked to do may fundamentally challenge your previous working methods, or what once felt safe and comfortable, but still, remain open to what your instructor is offering. Accept that there will be moments of exhilaration and moments of frustration, with all of it impacting the way you paint that day and the weeks and months which follow. It may even feel as though the instructor is sowing seeds for a later harvest as you fumble with the present. If so, then you are in the presence of a master teacher.
It also means you are likely to continue reaping a rich reward from a short investment of only a few days for years and years to come…
What you should expect from your workshop:

An immediate but fair evaluation of your present painting ability.
An clear and effective set of goals scaled to the length of the workshop.
An instructor who can demonstrate what he or she teaches, and who is fair with the one-on-one contact time.
An instructor who creates a critical, yet respectful space for you to take a risk in.
An instructor who can respectfully identify the negative, yet teach with the positive.
An efficient and organized itinerary appropriate to all students in the class.

What you want to avoid:

Vague or ill-defined goals for you and the class, or too much improvised instruction.
Insufficient painting time for you. Demos are fun to watch but you must paint too.
Instructors who make the class all about themselves. (Hmm…need I say more?)

A few more thoughts…
Here is a hint: If you are thinking about taking a number of workshops over the next few years then consider attending a few national or regional art events to meet and preview potential instructors. When Oil Painters of America presents their yearly exhibitions they often invite signature painters to come and present demos and quick workshops. The same is true, if not more so, for the folks who host the Plein Air Convention and Expos, as it is true for the American Impressionists Society, the Portrait Society of America, and other groups. These events offer you a chance to meet instructors with little fuss or muss, reducing the likelihood you will sign up for an experience that isn’t a good fit. Sure, most of these events charge fees, but weigh those costs against the time and expense of a couple of bad workshops and you may decide the entry ticket is worth it. Plus, while you are there you can network with your fellow artists and talk to those who have already studied with the teachers who most interest you.
However, be wary of guarantees when speaking to a teacher. Be realistic. Even if you do take a workshop from a master painter don’t expect to become a master yourself after taking a single class. And multiple workshops will not make it happen either. What you can learn from the workshops you take is how to become a better painter over time. The unavoidable truth about becoming masterful at anything is there are no short-cuts. A good workshop may save some time by pointing you in the right direction but you still have to clock in the hours yourself. So play the long game. Don’t measure yourself by the successes you experience along the way, measure yourself by the miles of canvas you cover. For it is only through your discipline and practice that the things you struggle with today become reflexive and unconscious tomorrow. That much can be guaranteed.
I hope this post helps you make a good workshop choice. If you are interested in my approach to teaching, and the methods I’ve developed over the last twenty years while working with individuals and groups, as well developing and running an accredited BFA program, visit www.thomaskitts.com. I’d love to hear from you.

Great Expectations

Tina Garrett · Oct 6, 2014 · 3 Comments

21 Days “Painting” on the Road

“The only people for me are the mad ones, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time, the ones who never yawn or say a commonplace thing, but burn, burn, burn like fabulous yellow roman candles exploding like spiders across the stars.”

― Jack Kerouac, On the Road

Like so many of my fellow artists I suffer from unrealistic expectations. This means when I set out to do something, though it may not be grand or expensive, (it usually is), it certainly cannot be ordinary or dare I say easy. I believe this affliction is a common character trait of artists — a main driver for the skill of being able to dream big dreams and imagine impossible ways to make them come true, an asset in many ways because it gives us the guts to try and put our work out there to be considered by the world.
However, gone unchecked, these Wild Toad expectations sometimes can drive you right over the ledge. First stop, my most recent adventure into the land of great expectations, a 21-day road trip. A working/vacation trip to California via Kansas, Colorado, Utah and along Nevada’s loneliest highway into Yosemite’s Tuolumne Meadows and up and over into the Valley and out the other side — in the first week. Week two would begin in San Francisco where we would visit my husband’s relative (whom was to celebrate his 110th birthday in October) then drive down the Pacific Coast Highway touching base with my family in Huntington Beach, stop to take a one-day workshop with Jeremy Lipking in Agoura Hills, to me the pinnacle of the trip. On to San Diego by week three, then wrap around towards Vegas and the North Rim of the Grand Canyon and find our way home through Oklahoma City.

Taking pictures of hot air balloons — Tina, not plein air painting at the Hot Air Balloon Rodeo in Steamboat Springs, Colorado.

At some point the reality of 21 days on the road set in. How would I practice for Lipking? Would I forget everything I think I know? So with a percentage of my recent OPA Spring On-Iine Showcase winnings I purchased my first real grown up plein air easel and in true form set myself up with all the gear to paint plein air on the road.
This will be easy. I’ll paint the morning of the Hot Air Balloon Rodeo in Steamboat Springs! I’ll paint El Capitan in Yosemite! I’ll paint on the beach in Surf City! I’ll paint up to four pieces a week, if the kids are having fun and I get up in time for sunrises. Ha! Ha! I’m a genius. By the time I get to L.A. I’ll have 6 to 8 pieces under my belt and be practiced and ready. Heck, I’ll even sell them on Facebook and make a little vacation spending cash!
Can you hear them yet? The pieces of my broken heart and impossible dreams tinkling to the cold hard floor? I didn’t have a clue what plein air painting really requires, having only painted plein air maybe 4 times. Ever. In my two whole years of painting. At all. I vaguely recall now that I actually hated plein air painting all those four times. Something about bees, or maybe it was hornets, comes to mind.
Why didn’t I stop myself? No, I drove right off. And the air was clear and blowing fresh in my face. Just like it is any time you drive off a cliff.

Painting outside with a hat on — Note the color charts done in transit from the passenger seat the day before.

My first warning, the flashing red hand, “Do Not Cross” sign should have been the incredible amount of crap I was packing. I actually brought more in cubic square feet of painting gear than I did in clothing and toiletries. Real plein air painters know how to get around needing everything studio artists require.
I was so proud of myself when I managed to do color charts while riding in the passenger seat. I paint mainly portraits. I’m not familiar with very many blues, or green at all for that matter. I-70 is flat and there was plenty of sky and vista to reference. I only clobbered my clothes and the interior of the door. It was all good. Incidentally, the dash is a great place to dry paintings.
In my dreams I was to be awake fresh after 11 hours of driving and set up in a perfect position for the gorgeous morning of the Hot Air Balloon Rodeo in Steamboat Springs. In reality, we set out on our bikes together to watch the launch. I would go back to the RV for my paints after I scoped out the scene. I had plenty of time, right? But as the sun got higher and we finally found parking I got more and more, lets just say, frustrated. By the time we parked our bikes and walked forever to get right up under the baskets of the balloons, I was down right fit to be tied. I knew then the balloons would launch and set back down in a matter of minutes. I might get far enough away to get a photo or two, but it would all be over before I had so much as set up a palette.
Okay, major plein air painting realization: The sun moves quickly and so do hot air balloons.

painting of cliffs and water — One of the four paintings I was able to paint, was a thank you to a couple that invited us to stay at their phenomenal guesthouse overlooking the beach in Monterey. I was really glad to have my paints with me then and very proud of that piece considering my plein air track record.

After hot miserable tears, I resolved to paint the view from our RV later that evening. I left everyone to setup and make dinner and insisted on having 2 hours to myself to paint. And I did sell that little painting on Facebook. See! I can do it…
That little piece was the only piece. All in all I painted en plein air 3 times, four if you count the time I set up my easel at the beach but had to run through the hot sand half a dozen times to get the essentials I realized I’d forgotten, such as brushes and then paper towels, etc. I never actually painted that day. I gave up after two hours of struggling to set up and was then overwhelmed by beach umbrellas.
Essentially, I was worse for ware by the time I sat in Lipking’s workshop. (But you’ll have to read about that on my blog.) I have since recalculated my plein air expectations to include admiring those incredible artists who do it so well and simply doing it more often myself. Yes, more practice. That will have to be good enough.

The Best Oil Painting Critiques Advice

Margret Short · Jul 14, 2014 · 1 Comment

Recently, I had the pleasure of participating in the Oil Painters of America Critique Program. For a nominal fee of $25.00 (which helps fund the program), artists have the opportunity to have a signature or master level member review their work and give instructional advice on how they might improve their technique.
Looking back through the critiques I have done for OPA, there are certain techniques I see repeated by beginners. If I could give just one important bit of advice, it would be to use more paint. One of the most beautiful benefits of oil paint’s properties is the viscosity of the paint itself. Juicy impasto adds tremendous interest and excitement to a painting.

Detail of Festival of Panathenea by Margret E Short — Detail of Festival of Panathenea © Margret E. Short

Look at your current canvas sideways across the surface and take note of how thick the paint actually is. My guess it’s pretty thin. Begin to think sculpturally. Squeeze lots of paint onto your palette. Once you do this, you will feel compelled to use it up. Do not be miserly, even with the more spendy pigments such as lead white. In the above painting detail, the generously and freely built up texture adds sparkle as the light hits the surface of the canvas.

Detail of Deruta Delivery 30x30 by Margret E Short — Detail Deruta Delivery 30×30 Oil on Linen © Margret E. Short

In this painting, I have used natural cinnabar, which can be expensive, but I did not let that hold me back. Both smooth and heavily textured strokes portray the pattern of the fabric. The texture can actually be felt if you run your fingertips across the dry surface.

Oil on copper showing impasto on the surgace by Margret E Short — Oil on copper showing impasto on the surface © Margret E. Short

Use the thick strokes of paint in your area of focus. Place pieces of paint and leave them alone. Do not fuss and over blend. Be bold. Make a statement with paint. This painting is from the Minerals, Metals, and Dirt project and painted on copper. Because the copper is completely non-absorbent, the paint builds easily on the surface.

Detail on Cupids Arrow showing impasto and brushstrokes by Margret E Short — Detail on Cupid’s Arrow showing impasto and brushstrokes © Margret E. Short

Contrarily, use thin translucent paint in the areas of shadow and background. This push and pull will give the viewer lots to do while their eyes travel around the composition. Give them something to think about so they don’t exit the painting too quickly. The tulips in Cupid’s Arrow illustrate both thickness and brushstroke varieties (directions).
Experiment with some of these ideas and watch the surface of your paintings come to life with splendid thick juicy paint, crisp and blurred edges, and textures you can sense with your eyes. Your viewers will never walk away for lack of interest again.

Click here to learn more about the Oil Painters of America Critique Program

Oil Painting

21 Days “Painting” on the Road

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